wine_quality

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	12
Number of observations	4898
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	937
Duplicate rows (%)	19.1%
Total size in memory	459.3 KiB
Average record size in memory	96.0 B

Variable types

NUM	12

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-08-25 02:07:14.889077
Analysis finished	2020-08-25 02:07:36.677196
Duration	21.79 seconds
Version	pandas-profiling v2.8.0
Command line	`pandas_profiling --config_file config.yaml [YOUR_FILE.csv]`
Download configuration	config.yaml

Warnings

Dataset has 937 (19.1%) duplicate rows

Duplicates

fixed acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	68
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	6.854787668436097
Minimum	3.8
Maximum	14.2
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3.8
5-th percentile	5.6
Q1	6.3
median	6.8
Q3	7.3
95-th percentile	8.3
Maximum	14.2
Range	10.4
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.8438682277
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1231063993
Kurtosis	2.172178465
Mean	6.854787668
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	0.6477514746
Sum	33574.75
Variance	0.7121135857

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6.8	308	6.3%
6.6	290	5.9%
6.4	280	5.7%
6.9	241	4.9%
6.7	236	4.8%
7	232	4.7%
6.5	225	4.6%
7.2	206	4.2%
7.1	200	4.1%
7.4	194	4.0%
6.2	192	3.9%
6.3	188	3.8%
6	184	3.8%
7.3	178	3.6%
6.1	155	3.2%
7.6	153	3.1%
7.5	123	2.5%
5.8	121	2.5%
5.9	103	2.1%
7.8	93	1.9%
7.7	93	1.9%
5.7	88	1.8%
8	80	1.6%
7.9	74	1.5%
5.6	71	1.4%
Other values (43)	590	12.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.8	1	< 0.1%
3.9	1	< 0.1%
4.2	2	< 0.1%
4.4	3	0.1%
4.5	1	< 0.1%
4.6	1	< 0.1%
4.7	5	0.1%
4.8	9	0.2%
4.9	7	0.1%
5	24	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.2	1	< 0.1%
11.8	1	< 0.1%
10.7	2	< 0.1%
10.3	2	< 0.1%
10.2	1	< 0.1%
10	3	0.1%
9.9	2	< 0.1%
9.8	8	0.2%
9.7	4	0.1%
9.6	5	0.1%

volatile acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	125
Unique (%)	2.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.27824111882400976
Minimum	0.08
Maximum	1.1
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.08
5-th percentile	0.15
Q1	0.21
median	0.26
Q3	0.32
95-th percentile	0.46
Maximum	1.1
Range	1.02
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.11

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1007945484
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3622561211
Kurtosis	5.091625817
Mean	0.2782411188
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.06
Skewness	1.576979503
Sum	1362.825
Variance	0.01015954099

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.28	263	5.4%
0.24	253	5.2%
0.26	240	4.9%
0.25	231	4.7%
0.22	229	4.7%
0.27	218	4.5%
0.23	216	4.4%
0.2	214	4.4%
0.3	198	4.0%
0.21	191	3.9%
0.32	182	3.7%
0.18	177	3.6%
0.19	170	3.5%
0.29	160	3.3%
0.31	148	3.0%
0.16	141	2.9%
0.17	140	2.9%
0.34	135	2.8%
0.33	134	2.7%
0.36	104	2.1%
0.15	88	1.8%
0.35	86	1.8%
0.37	65	1.3%
0.38	63	1.3%
0.39	61	1.2%
Other values (100)	791	16.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.08	4	0.1%
0.085	1	< 0.1%
0.09	1	< 0.1%
0.1	6	0.1%
0.105	6	0.1%
0.11	13	0.3%
0.115	3	0.1%
0.12	34	0.7%
0.125	3	0.1%
0.13	44	0.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.1	1	< 0.1%
1.005	1	< 0.1%
0.965	1	< 0.1%
0.93	1	< 0.1%
0.91	1	< 0.1%
0.905	1	< 0.1%
0.85	1	< 0.1%
0.815	1	< 0.1%
0.785	1	< 0.1%
0.78	1	< 0.1%

citric acid
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	87
Unique (%)	1.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.33419150673744386
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	1.66
Zeros	19
Zeros (%)	0.4%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.17
Q1	0.27
median	0.32
Q3	0.39
95-th percentile	0.54
Maximum	1.66
Range	1.66
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.12

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1210198042
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.362127109
Kurtosis	6.174900657
Mean	0.3341915067
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.06
Skewness	1.281920398
Sum	1636.87
Variance	0.01464579301

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.3	307	6.3%
0.28	282	5.8%
0.32	257	5.2%
0.34	225	4.6%
0.29	223	4.6%
0.26	219	4.5%
0.27	216	4.4%
0.49	215	4.4%
0.31	200	4.1%
0.33	183	3.7%
0.24	181	3.7%
0.36	177	3.6%
0.35	137	2.8%
0.25	136	2.8%
0.37	134	2.7%
0.38	122	2.5%
0.4	117	2.4%
0.22	104	2.1%
0.39	101	2.1%
0.42	95	1.9%
0.23	83	1.7%
0.41	82	1.7%
0.2	70	1.4%
0.21	66	1.3%
0.44	63	1.3%
Other values (62)	903	18.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	19	0.4%
0.01	7	0.1%
0.02	6	0.1%
0.03	2	< 0.1%
0.04	12	0.2%
0.05	5	0.1%
0.06	6	0.1%
0.07	12	0.2%
0.08	4	0.1%
0.09	12	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.66	1	< 0.1%
1.23	1	< 0.1%
1	5	0.1%
0.99	1	< 0.1%
0.91	2	< 0.1%
0.88	1	< 0.1%
0.86	1	< 0.1%
0.82	2	< 0.1%
0.81	2	< 0.1%
0.8	2	< 0.1%

residual sugar
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	310
Unique (%)	6.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	6.391414863209474
Minimum	0.6
Maximum	65.8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.6
5-th percentile	1.1
Q1	1.7
median	5.2
Q3	9.9
95-th percentile	15.7
Maximum	65.8
Range	65.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	8.2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.072057784
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7935735502
Kurtosis	3.469820103
Mean	6.391414863
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.6
Skewness	1.077093756
Sum	31305.15
Variance	25.72577016

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.2	187	3.8%
1.4	184	3.8%
1.6	165	3.4%
1.3	147	3.0%
1.1	146	3.0%
1.5	142	2.9%
1.8	99	2.0%
1.7	99	2.0%
1	93	1.9%
2	79	1.6%
1.9	59	1.2%
2.2	56	1.1%
2.1	51	1.0%
5	43	0.9%
2.3	42	0.9%
7.8	41	0.8%
2.4	41	0.8%
4.6	40	0.8%
7.4	40	0.8%
2.5	40	0.8%
0.9	39	0.8%
6.3	39	0.8%
2.7	38	0.8%
4.8	38	0.8%
2.8	36	0.7%
Other values (285)	2914	59.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6	2	< 0.1%
0.7	7	0.1%
0.8	25	0.5%
0.9	39	0.8%
0.95	4	0.1%
1	93	1.9%
1.05	1	< 0.1%
1.1	146	3.0%
1.15	3	0.1%
1.2	187	3.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
65.8	1	< 0.1%
31.6	2	< 0.1%
26.05	2	< 0.1%
23.5	1	< 0.1%
22.6	1	< 0.1%
22	2	< 0.1%
20.8	2	< 0.1%
20.7	2	< 0.1%
20.4	1	< 0.1%
20.3	1	< 0.1%

chlorides
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	160
Unique (%)	3.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.04577235606369947
Minimum	0.009000000000000001
Maximum	0.34600000000000003
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.009
5-th percentile	0.027
Q1	0.036
median	0.043
Q3	0.05
95-th percentile	0.067
Maximum	0.346
Range	0.337
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.014

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.02184796809
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4773179703
Kurtosis	37.56459971
Mean	0.04577235606
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.007
Skewness	5.023330683
Sum	224.193
Variance	0.0004773337098

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.044	201	4.1%
0.036	200	4.1%
0.042	184	3.8%
0.04	182	3.7%
0.046	181	3.7%
0.048	174	3.6%
0.047	171	3.5%
0.05	170	3.5%
0.045	170	3.5%
0.034	168	3.4%
0.038	167	3.4%
0.037	160	3.3%
0.039	157	3.2%
0.041	147	3.0%
0.043	141	2.9%
0.049	133	2.7%
0.035	130	2.7%
0.053	130	2.7%
0.033	119	2.4%
0.051	115	2.3%
0.032	109	2.2%
0.03	108	2.2%
0.031	107	2.2%
0.052	104	2.1%
0.054	99	2.0%
Other values (135)	1171	23.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.009	1	< 0.1%
0.012	1	< 0.1%
0.013	1	< 0.1%
0.014	4	0.1%
0.015	4	0.1%
0.016	5	0.1%
0.017	5	0.1%
0.018	10	0.2%
0.019	9	0.2%
0.02	16	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.346	1	< 0.1%
0.301	1	< 0.1%
0.29	1	< 0.1%
0.271	1	< 0.1%
0.255	1	< 0.1%
0.244	1	< 0.1%
0.24	1	< 0.1%
0.239	1	< 0.1%
0.217	1	< 0.1%
0.212	1	< 0.1%

free sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	132
Unique (%)	2.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	35.30808493262556
Minimum	2.0
Maximum	289.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	11
Q1	23
median	34
Q3	46
95-th percentile	63
Maximum	289
Range	287
Interquartile range (IQR)	23

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	17.00713733
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4816782716
Kurtosis	11.46634243
Mean	35.30808493
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	11
Skewness	1.406744921
Sum	172939
Variance	289.24272

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
29	160	3.3%
31	132	2.7%
26	129	2.6%
35	129	2.6%
34	128	2.6%
36	127	2.6%
24	118	2.4%
28	112	2.3%
33	112	2.3%
37	111	2.3%
25	111	2.3%
23	110	2.2%
32	109	2.2%
41	104	2.1%
40	103	2.1%
22	102	2.1%
38	102	2.1%
20	101	2.1%
45	101	2.1%
27	99	2.0%
30	99	2.0%
21	93	1.9%
47	91	1.9%
39	89	1.8%
17	89	1.8%
Other values (107)	2137	43.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	< 0.1%
3	10	0.2%
4	11	0.2%
5	25	0.5%
6	32	0.7%
7	25	0.5%
8	35	0.7%
9	29	0.6%
10	55	1.1%
11	45	0.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
289	1	< 0.1%
146.5	1	< 0.1%
138.5	1	< 0.1%
131	1	< 0.1%
128	1	< 0.1%
124	1	< 0.1%
122.5	1	< 0.1%
118.5	1	< 0.1%
112	1	< 0.1%
110	1	< 0.1%

total sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	251
Unique (%)	5.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	138.36065741118824
Minimum	9.0
Maximum	440.0
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	9
5-th percentile	75
Q1	108
median	134
Q3	167
95-th percentile	212
Maximum	440
Range	431
Interquartile range (IQR)	59

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	42.49806455
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3071542543
Kurtosis	0.5718532334
Mean	138.3606574
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	29
Skewness	0.3907098417
Sum	677690.5
Variance	1806.085491

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
111	69	1.4%
113	61	1.2%
117	57	1.2%
118	55	1.1%
128	54	1.1%
122	54	1.1%
114	54	1.1%
150	54	1.1%
124	53	1.1%
140	52	1.1%
126	50	1.0%
133	50	1.0%
98	49	1.0%
125	49	1.0%
149	48	1.0%
132	47	1.0%
119	47	1.0%
131	47	1.0%
134	47	1.0%
110	47	1.0%
156	47	1.0%
116	47	1.0%
101	47	1.0%
130	46	0.9%
142	46	0.9%
Other values (226)	3621	73.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	1	< 0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%
18	2	< 0.1%
19	1	< 0.1%
21	1	< 0.1%
24	3	0.1%
25	1	< 0.1%
26	1	< 0.1%
28	4	0.1%
29	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
440	1	< 0.1%
366.5	1	< 0.1%
344	1	< 0.1%
313	1	< 0.1%
307.5	1	< 0.1%
303	1	< 0.1%
294	1	< 0.1%
282	1	< 0.1%
272	2	< 0.1%
260	1	< 0.1%

density
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	890
Unique (%)	18.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.9940273764801959
Minimum	0.98711
Maximum	1.03898
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.98711
5-th percentile	0.9896385
Q1	0.9917225
median	0.99374
Q3	0.9961
95-th percentile	0.999
Maximum	1.03898
Range	0.05187
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0043775

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.002990906917
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.003008877811
Kurtosis	9.793806911
Mean	0.9940273765
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.00214
Skewness	0.9777730049
Sum	4868.74609
Variance	8.945524186e-06

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.992	64	1.3%
0.9928	61	1.2%
0.9932	53	1.1%
0.993	52	1.1%
0.9934	50	1.0%
0.9938	49	1.0%
0.9927	47	1.0%
0.9944	46	0.9%
0.9948	45	0.9%
0.9954	44	0.9%
0.9924	44	0.9%
0.9986	42	0.9%
0.9956	41	0.8%
0.9918	40	0.8%
0.9958	40	0.8%
0.9914	39	0.8%
0.9942	38	0.8%
0.9952	37	0.8%
0.994	37	0.8%
0.9966	36	0.7%
0.9937	35	0.7%
0.998	35	0.7%
0.9917	34	0.7%
0.9936	34	0.7%
0.9976	34	0.7%
Other values (865)	3821	78.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.98711	1	< 0.1%
0.98713	1	< 0.1%
0.98722	1	< 0.1%
0.9874	1	< 0.1%
0.98742	2	< 0.1%
0.98746	2	< 0.1%
0.98758	1	< 0.1%
0.98774	1	< 0.1%
0.98779	1	< 0.1%
0.98794	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.03898	1	< 0.1%
1.0103	2	< 0.1%
1.00295	2	< 0.1%
1.00241	1	< 0.1%
1.0024	1	< 0.1%
1.00196	1	< 0.1%
1.00182	1	< 0.1%
1.0017	2	< 0.1%
1.0012	1	< 0.1%
1.00118	1	< 0.1%

pH
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	103
Unique (%)	2.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.1882666394446715
Minimum	2.72
Maximum	3.82
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.72
5-th percentile	2.96
Q1	3.09
median	3.18
Q3	3.28
95-th percentile	3.46
Maximum	3.82
Range	1.1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1510005996
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.04736134605
Kurtosis	0.5307749515
Mean	3.188266639
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1
Skewness	0.4577825459
Sum	15616.13
Variance	0.02280118108

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.14	172	3.5%
3.16	164	3.3%
3.22	146	3.0%
3.19	145	3.0%
3.18	138	2.8%
3.2	137	2.8%
3.08	136	2.8%
3.15	136	2.8%
3.1	135	2.8%
3.12	134	2.7%
3.24	132	2.7%
3.11	126	2.6%
3.17	124	2.5%
3.13	117	2.4%
3.23	116	2.4%
3.06	115	2.3%
3.25	114	2.3%
3.04	97	2.0%
3.26	96	2.0%
3.21	95	1.9%
3.3	93	1.9%
3.09	92	1.9%
3.05	89	1.8%
3.27	88	1.8%
3.28	87	1.8%
Other values (78)	1874	38.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.72	1	< 0.1%
2.74	1	< 0.1%
2.77	1	< 0.1%
2.79	3	0.1%
2.8	3	0.1%
2.82	1	< 0.1%
2.83	4	0.1%
2.84	1	< 0.1%
2.85	9	0.2%
2.86	9	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.82	1	< 0.1%
3.81	1	< 0.1%
3.8	2	< 0.1%
3.79	1	< 0.1%
3.77	2	< 0.1%
3.76	2	< 0.1%
3.75	2	< 0.1%
3.74	2	< 0.1%
3.72	3	0.1%
3.7	1	< 0.1%

sulphates
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	79
Unique (%)	1.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.48984687627603113
Minimum	0.22
Maximum	1.08
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.22
5-th percentile	0.34
Q1	0.41
median	0.47
Q3	0.55
95-th percentile	0.71
Maximum	1.08
Range	0.86
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.14

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1141258339
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2329826717
Kurtosis	1.59092963
Mean	0.4898468763
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07
Skewness	0.9771936833
Sum	2399.27
Variance	0.01302470597

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5	249	5.1%
0.46	225	4.6%
0.44	216	4.4%
0.38	214	4.4%
0.42	181	3.7%
0.48	179	3.7%
0.45	178	3.6%
0.47	172	3.5%
0.4	168	3.4%
0.54	167	3.4%
0.49	166	3.4%
0.43	161	3.3%
0.52	156	3.2%
0.39	151	3.1%
0.51	140	2.9%
0.41	139	2.8%
0.53	135	2.8%
0.37	129	2.6%
0.36	120	2.4%
0.56	108	2.2%
0.55	102	2.1%
0.58	99	2.0%
0.59	97	2.0%
0.6	88	1.8%
0.35	85	1.7%
Other values (54)	1073	21.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.22	1	< 0.1%
0.23	1	< 0.1%
0.25	4	0.1%
0.26	4	0.1%
0.27	13	0.3%
0.28	13	0.3%
0.29	16	0.3%
0.3	31	0.6%
0.31	35	0.7%
0.32	54	1.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.08	1	< 0.1%
1.06	1	< 0.1%
1.01	1	< 0.1%
1	1	< 0.1%
0.99	1	< 0.1%
0.98	6	0.1%
0.97	1	< 0.1%
0.96	3	0.1%
0.95	5	0.1%
0.94	2	< 0.1%

alcohol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	103
Unique (%)	2.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	10.514267047774602
Minimum	8.0
Maximum	14.2
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	8
5-th percentile	8.9
Q1	9.5
median	10.4
Q3	11.4
95-th percentile	12.7
Maximum	14.2
Range	6.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.9

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.230620568
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1170429248
Kurtosis	-0.6984253278
Mean	10.51426705
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.4873419932
Sum	51498.88
Variance	1.514426982

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.4	229	4.7%
9.5	228	4.7%
9.2	199	4.1%
9	185	3.8%
10	162	3.3%
10.5	160	3.3%
11	158	3.2%
10.4	153	3.1%
9.1	144	2.9%
9.8	136	2.8%
10.8	135	2.8%
9.3	134	2.7%
10.2	130	2.7%
9.6	128	2.6%
11.4	121	2.5%
10.1	114	2.3%
10.6	114	2.3%
11.2	112	2.3%
9.9	109	2.2%
8.8	107	2.2%
9.7	105	2.1%
12	102	2.1%
11.3	101	2.1%
10.7	96	2.0%
8.9	95	1.9%
Other values (78)	1441	29.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	2	< 0.1%
8.4	3	0.1%
8.5	9	0.2%
8.6	23	0.5%
8.7	78	1.6%
8.8	107	2.2%
8.9	95	1.9%
9	185	3.8%
9.1	144	2.9%
9.2	199	4.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.2	1	< 0.1%
14.05	1	< 0.1%
14	5	0.1%
13.9	3	0.1%
13.8	2	< 0.1%
13.7	7	0.1%
13.6	9	0.2%
13.55	1	< 0.1%
13.5	12	0.2%
13.4	20	0.4%

target
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	7
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.87790935075541
Minimum	3
Maximum	9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	38.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	5
Q1	5
median	6
Q3	6
95-th percentile	7
Maximum	9
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.885638575
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1506723772
Kurtosis	0.2165258272
Mean	5.877909351
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.1557963977
Sum	28790
Variance	0.7843556855

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	2198	44.9%
5	1457	29.7%
7	880	18.0%
8	175	3.6%
4	163	3.3%
3	20	0.4%
9	5	0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	20	0.4%
4	163	3.3%
5	1457	29.7%
6	2198	44.9%
7	880	18.0%
8	175	3.6%
9	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	5	0.1%
8	175	3.6%
7	880	18.0%
6	2198	44.9%
5	1457	29.7%
4	163	3.3%
3	20	0.4%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	target
0	7.0	0.27	0.36	20.7	0.045	45.0	170.0	1.0010	3.00	0.45	8.8	6
1	6.3	0.30	0.34	1.6	0.049	14.0	132.0	0.9940	3.30	0.49	9.5	6
2	8.1	0.28	0.40	6.9	0.050	30.0	97.0	0.9951	3.26	0.44	10.1	6
3	7.2	0.23	0.32	8.5	0.058	47.0	186.0	0.9956	3.19	0.40	9.9	6
4	7.2	0.23	0.32	8.5	0.058	47.0	186.0	0.9956	3.19	0.40	9.9	6
5	8.1	0.28	0.40	6.9	0.050	30.0	97.0	0.9951	3.26	0.44	10.1	6
6	6.2	0.32	0.16	7.0	0.045	30.0	136.0	0.9949	3.18	0.47	9.6	6
7	7.0	0.27	0.36	20.7	0.045	45.0	170.0	1.0010	3.00	0.45	8.8	6
8	6.3	0.30	0.34	1.6	0.049	14.0	132.0	0.9940	3.30	0.49	9.5	6
9	8.1	0.22	0.43	1.5	0.044	28.0	129.0	0.9938	3.22	0.45	11.0	6

Last rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	target
4888	6.8	0.220	0.36	1.20	0.052	38.0	127.0	0.99330	3.04	0.54	9.2	5
4889	4.9	0.235	0.27	11.75	0.030	34.0	118.0	0.99540	3.07	0.50	9.4	6
4890	6.1	0.340	0.29	2.20	0.036	25.0	100.0	0.98938	3.06	0.44	11.8	6
4891	5.7	0.210	0.32	0.90	0.038	38.0	121.0	0.99074	3.24	0.46	10.6	6
4892	6.5	0.230	0.38	1.30	0.032	29.0	112.0	0.99298	3.29	0.54	9.7	5
4893	6.2	0.210	0.29	1.60	0.039	24.0	92.0	0.99114	3.27	0.50	11.2	6
4894	6.6	0.320	0.36	8.00	0.047	57.0	168.0	0.99490	3.15	0.46	9.6	5
4895	6.5	0.240	0.19	1.20	0.041	30.0	111.0	0.99254	2.99	0.46	9.4	6
4896	5.5	0.290	0.30	1.10	0.022	20.0	110.0	0.98869	3.34	0.38	12.8	7
4897	6.0	0.210	0.38	0.80	0.020	22.0	98.0	0.98941	3.26	0.32	11.8	6

Most frequent

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	target	count
423	7.0	0.15	0.28	14.7	0.051	29.0	149.0	0.99792	2.96	0.39	9.0	7	8
557	7.3	0.19	0.27	13.9	0.057	45.0	155.0	0.99807	2.94	0.41	8.8	8	8
335	6.8	0.18	0.30	12.8	0.062	19.0	171.0	0.99808	3.00	0.52	9.0	7	7
589	7.4	0.16	0.30	13.7	0.056	33.0	168.0	0.99825	2.90	0.44	8.7	7	7
588	7.4	0.16	0.27	15.5	0.050	25.0	135.0	0.99840	2.90	0.43	8.7	7	6
592	7.4	0.19	0.30	12.8	0.053	48.5	229.0	0.99860	3.14	0.49	9.1	7	6
593	7.4	0.19	0.31	14.5	0.045	39.0	193.0	0.99860	3.10	0.50	9.2	6	6
641	7.6	0.20	0.30	14.2	0.056	53.0	212.5	0.99900	3.14	0.46	8.9	8	6
28	5.7	0.22	0.20	16.0	0.044	41.0	113.0	0.99862	3.22	0.46	8.9	6	5
110	6.2	0.23	0.36	17.2	0.039	37.0	130.0	0.99946	3.23	0.43	8.8	6	5

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequent